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Ajude a melhorar a plataforma
Leia o excerto a seguir.
“Os sistemas ERP evoluíram a partir dos sistemas de planejamento de requisição de materiais (MRP, Materials Requirement Planning) desenvolvidos nos anos 1970. Esses sistemas juntavam o planejamento de produção, o controle de estoque e as funções de compras do negócio para organizações industriais. Durante o fim dos anos 1980 e início dos anos 1990, muitas instituições reconheceram que o legado dos TPSs não possuía a integração necessária para coordenar as atividades e compartilhar informações valiosas por meio de todas as funções dos negócios da empresa”.
STAIR, R. M.; REYNOLDS, G. W. Princípios de sistemas de informação. São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 2015. p. 410.
Levando em consideração as características de um ERP e o seu ciclo de vida, identifique se são (V) verdadeiras ou (F) falsas as afirmativas a seguir.
I. ( ) O ERP pode ser considerado uma arquitetura de sistemas de informação que fortalece a gestão de recursos e o fluxo de informações entre todas as atividades da empresa. II. ( ) A primeira fase no ciclo de vida do ERP envolve a seleção do pacote após diversas análises das opções existentes no mercado. III. ( ) A implementação de módulos de ERP é feita sem uma customização ou adaptação, justamente para adequar a organização às práticas de mercado. IV. ( ) A implementação de um ERP pode ocorrer em um ciclo iterativo.
Assinale, a seguir, a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA.
Explique melhor esta questão
Abre o Tutor com o enunciado e as alternativas já no campo — você revisa e envia.
Esta questão foi verificada por um de nossos administradores.
Alternativa C - V - V - F - V
A questão aborda os Sistemas Integrados de Gestão Empresarial (ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning), sua evolução, características fundamentais e aspectos do seu ciclo de vida. O excerto introdutório ressalta a origem dos ERPs a partir dos sistemas MRP e a necessidade de integração que superasse as limitações dos sistemas de processamento de transações (TPS) legados, enfatizando a importância do compartilhamento de informações entre todas as funções do negócio.
Os ERPs representam uma arquitetura de sistemas de informação complexa e abrangente, projetada para integrar todos os processos e funções essenciais de uma empresa em uma única plataforma. Isso inclui finanças, recursos humanos, manufatura, cadeia de suprimentos, vendas e marketing. O objetivo principal é centralizar dados, padronizar processos e otimizar a gestão de recursos, promovendo uma visão unificada da empresa e facilitando a tomada de decisões.
O ciclo de vida de um projeto ERP é composto por várias fases, que podem variar ligeiramente dependendo da metodologia adotada, mas geralmente incluem planejamento, seleção, implementação (que engloba configuração, customização, migração de dados, testes e treinamento), go-live e pós-implementação (suporte e otimização). A implementação, por ser um projeto de grande escala, pode seguir diferentes abordagens, como a "big bang", fases ou iterativa. A customização é um ponto crucial, pois embora os ERPs incorporem "melhores práticas", eles precisam ser adaptados às especificidades de cada organização.
Vamos analisar cada afirmativa:
| Afirmativa | Análise Detalhada | V/F | | :--------- | 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| Falsa | Embora os ERPs auxiliem na padronização, a implementação é um processo complexo que envolve a adaptação do sistema às necessidades e processos específicos da organização, através de configuração e, muitas vezes, alguma customização. A ideia de "sem customização ou adaptação" é irrealista para a maioria das empresas, que possuem particularidades que um sistema genérico não pode atender plenamente sem ajustes. |
O ERP é, de fato, uma arquitetura de sistemas de informação que integra e fortalece a gestão de recursos e o fluxo informacional de uma empresa. O processo de seleção do pacote ERP é uma das primeiras e mais críticas etapas do ciclo de vida de implementação, logo após o planejamento inicial. É fundamental entender que, embora os ERPs promovam a adoção de melhores práticas, a sua implementação quase sempre exige customização e adaptação para se alinhar às especificidades e necessidades estratégicas de cada organização. Por fim, a abordagem iterativa para a implementação de ERPs é uma prática reconhecida e eficaz, especialmente em projetos complexos, pois permite entregas incrementais e maior flexibilidade.
Alternativa C.